湖南优游自考英语（二）摹拟试题及谜底

自考英语（二）摹拟试题及谜底
Part One
I. Vocabulary and Structure ( 10 points, 1 point for each item)
1. The winner in the general election is almost certain to be _____ the Republican or the Democratic nominee.
A. both        B. either        C. neither      D. not only
2.  Such attitudes amount to a recognition _____ leisure should be put to good use.
A. where      B. what        C. which      D. that
3. Even with the new development in research, only a tiny ______ of all tests are done without using animals.
A. variety      B. amount      C. plenty      D. proportion
4. The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia, _____ it is not technically legal there.
A. if        B. otherwise      C. although      D. unless
5. Mrs. Weinstein bravely and persistently used every skill she had to _____ her attacker not to take her life.
A. convince      B. convey      C. contact      D. consult
6. Daydreaming improves a person’s ability to _____ more readily with new ideas.
A. show up      B. put up with    C. come up      D. take up
7. On average about ￡5000 a year is spent on each private school pupil, ______ the amount spent on state school pupils.
A. as twice as              B. twice more as    
C. more than twice            D. more twice than
8. To a worker, _____ from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play.
A. what        B. which      C. that        D. it
9. Long life is altering our society, of course, but in experiential ______.
A. items        B. terms        C. turns       D. themes
10. A man flown to a time zone different by 10 hours will ______ eight days to readjust his palm sweat.
A. spend      B. take        C. cost        D. pay
Ⅱ. Cloze Test ( 10 points, 1 point for each item)
Great artists and great scientists are similar in that they both use the two sides of their brain. It is well known that Albert Einstein,  11   a great scientist, also enjoyed art, playing the violin and sailing. Einstein said his scientific discoveries grew from his imagination  12   from analysis, reason and language. The story goes  13   Einstein was daydreaming one summer’s day  14  sitting on a hill. He imagined that he was riding on sunbeams to the far distance of the universe.   15   he found that he had returned to the sun. So he realized that the universe must curve. He got this  16   by using his imagination. He then used the left side of brain to  17   analysis, number and reason. And finally he used language to explain it.
Traditional,  18   education in schools encourages us to use the left-hand side of our brains. Language, number, analysis and reason are given more importance in our schools than imagination and daydreaming.   19   , we are encouraged to leap when we have two perfectly good legs! Then why don’t we give more   20   to visual thinking?
11. A. as        B. for      C. with        D. to
12. A. other than    B. more than    C. better than    D. rather than
13. A. when      B. which    C. that        D. what
14. A. while      B. until      C. though      D. as if
15. A. And      B. But      C. So        D. Then
16. A. story      B. idea      C. figure      D. pattern
17. A. supply    B. apply      C. reply        D. imply
18. A. establish    B. to establish  C. established    D. establishing
19. A. Therefore    B. Moreover    C. Indeed      D. However
20. A. value      B. vision    C. voice        D. view
 
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension ( 30 points, 2 points for each item)
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
The more I see of the Internet, the more enthusiastic I am. We’re living through a period of dynamic change. America is ahead just now, with over 50 percent of the population on-line; Britain is next, then Scandinavia and Japan, with the rest of Europe lagging surprisingly behind. But it won’t be long before everyone catches up. In the third world especially, the internet will be a revolutionary force that will promote democracy and economic growth.
The lightning speech of American decision-making in today’s business world is rooted in the technology. In the 1980s, American companies, desperate to compete with Japanese and German companies, shed their bureaucratic(权要的) aspects and returned to the knife-edge of the market. Companies began to be run much more aggressively in the interests of shareholders, and that powered the adoption of new technology. The pay of CEOs (首席履行官) was tied to stock-market performance and businessmen got rich in a way they never previously imagined.
On the knife-edge of the market some are going to bleed. One big invention here is “frictionless selling” for cars—buying on-line rather than through a salesman at a car dealership (汽车专卖行). I just bought my new car this way. I arranged finance and got just what I wanted—color, interior, engine size—in half an hour. That’s great for me. But there are 25000—most family owned car dealerships in the United States, and in the next century most will die. It’s a transition that will surely be repeated many times over.
Telecom (电信) costs are falling towards zero, and computer costs aren’t far behind. The growth of the internet in Africa, Asia and the Far East is putting these tools in everyone’s hands. And I’m confident that if people got the chance to connect, they will quickly create wealth and opportunities across seven continents.    
21．Why does the author feel more enthusiastic when he sees more of the Internet?
A. Because America is in a leading position in this field.
B. Because he believes that the Internet will change the whole world.
C. Because he is one of the businessmen who got rich in IT industry.
D. Because the Internet will bring democracy to the Third World.
 
22. American companies shed their bureaucratic practice because _______.
A. that was powered by the use of new technology
B. that was the way businessmen got rich
C. they wanted to tie the salary of their CEOs to stock-market performance
D. the competition with foreign companies was sharp
 
23. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that _______.
A. the adoption of the Internet helped improve the competing power of American companies
B. American companies were once thrown out of the market by Japanese and German companies
C. American companies competed desperately with foreign companies in car industry
D. many American businessmen were desperate to get rich
 
24. The author mentions the purchase of his new car and the car dealership to _______.
A. illustrate the advantage of “frictionless selling”
B. predict what change the Internet will bring to American daily life
C. illustrate one of the hurting effects of the Internet
D. compare this new way of selling cars with the traditional one
 
25. The word “transition” in paragraph 3 probably means _______.
A. failure    B. change    C. lesson    D. competition
 
Passage Two
Almost no one argues against the view that schools have an important responsibilities to develop students’ intellect. Disputes center, rather, on the degree to which this responsibility should exceed all other responsibilities or potential responsibilities.
Some strong supporters of intellectual attainment as the primary objective of schools suggest that this purpose really is what schooling is all about and that other outcomes should receive only minimal emphasis. This position has a long history in American education. In general, the view suggests that school programs should not handle citizenship education or professional preparation directly. Rather, programs should focus on intellectual attainment. Once intellectual attainment has been achieved, good citizenship and an ability to handle work-related responsibilities will be natural by-products.
Critics of this purpose of education raise a number of objections. Some question the assumption that without direct instruction in the schools, students automatically will acquire good citizenship and professional competence as a result of their exposure to programs emphasizing intellectual competence. There is some feeling that it is too much to expect young people to bridge the gap between intellectual knowledge and the kind of citizenship skills and job-related knowledge they will need in the “real world”.
Other critics take issue with suggestions of some supporters of a heavy emphasis on intellectual attainment that school programs be strongly centered on such subjects as foreign languages, mathematics, history, literature, and the hard sciences—subjects thought capable of “challenging” the intellect. Critics allege that such subjects really are directed at a narrow, college-bound, intellectual elite. When schools serve the entire population of young people, it is not appropriate, these critics argue, to place such a heavy emphasis on an orientation that, in reality, is of benefit only to a small percentage of the total school population.
26. The current issue concerning schools’ responsibilities is focused on _______.
A. if schools should shoulder the responsibility to develop students’ intellect
B. if schools should try to cultivate good citizenship
C. if schools should teach students work-related skills
D. if schools should place too much emphasis on intellectual attainment
 
27. The view that schools shouldn’t teach directly the working skills is based on the assumption that ______.
A. students can learn these skills better in the real world
B. students should learn how to be a good citizen first
C. students with intellectual competence can get these skills automatically
D. students don’t need these skills during their stay at school
 
28. According to some critics, if a school program heavily emphasized subjects like foreign languages, mathematics, history, etc., _______.
A. schools would fail to produce any elite
B. only a small number of students would benefit from it
C. students’ intellect couldn’t be developed
D. students would fail in other subjects
 
29. It can be learned from the passage that _______.
A. a school has many objectives to achieve simultaneously
B. a school program focused on intellectual attainment is a good one
C. most American schools center strongly on intellectual development
D. only such intellect-related courses are taught in American schools
 
30. The author’s attitude toward this issue is _______.
A. subjective    B. indifferent    C. enthusiastic    D. objective
 
Passage Three
There ahs been a critical lack of studies exploring women’s diverse concerns and ways of dealing with unmet needs for services. What explanations are offered for the lack of researches on urban and suburban women? As Lofland argued, women are just “there” in urban studies—in the background like furniture. This “thereness” can be attributed to three factors.
First, the “community” emphasis of urban studies leads researchers to study ethnic or working-class communities in which the woman’s role is home-centered, isolated, and secondary. Since her participation in the community’s public life is usually limited, her life is not readily visible, especially to the male researcher. His limited opportunity to observe and study women’s lives and activities, then, is a second explanation for the lack of studies. A third reason is that government and foundation funding is largely allocated to the study of “problems”, particularly those associated with crime. In these studies, the focus tends to be on men, although there is now a burgeoning (敏捷增加的) literature on crime committed by women.
The gaps in the literature include a lack of research on well-to-do urban and suburban women whose life-style contrast sharply with the neighborhood-based world of ethnic or working-class women portrayed in such classics as Street Corner Society or The Urban Villagers. For example, suburban women may travel long distances take advantage of diverse facilities and resources located in the city. Since their activities take them away from their immediate residential community, these aspects of women’s lives fall outside the range of neighborhood or community studies. This need to travel, whether for greater intellectual pursuit or higher-quality services, gives women in most income groups the common task of working from within their environments to fulfill their needs.
31．What Lofland said suggests that ______.
A. women are ill-treated like old furniture
B. women’s role at home is like that of furniture
C. women tend to be ignored by researchers
D. women always fall behind men in urban studies
 
32. Which of the following is NOT a reason mentioned in the passage?
A. Many male researchers lack the opportunity to observe women
B. Women’s life if largely confined to their home.
C. Women don’t have much chance to participate in public life.
D. Women never commit any crime that is worth studying.
 
33. The phrase “well-to-do” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. wealthy    B. capable    C. intelligent   D. kind-hearted
 
34. The author mentions suburban women’s need to travel as an example of _______.
A. one aspect of women’s life unnoticed by other researchers
B. the limited role women play in their neighborhood community
C. suburban women’s pursuit of intellectual stimulation
D. the typical life-style portrayed by classical sociological works
 
35. The author of this passage is mainly concerned with _______.
A. reasons for the limited study on urban and suburban women
B. the diverse needs and concerns of urban and suburban women
C. the sharp contrast between urban and suburban women
D. the factors influencing urban women’s life-style
 
Part Two
Ⅳ. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items)
36. 被单，薄片    n. s _ _ _ _       
37. 远景    n. p _ _ _ _ _ _ _
38. 官方的      a. o _ _ _ _ _ _ _    
39. 心爱的    a. l _ _ _ _ _
40. 入口      n. i _ _ _ _ _          
41. 预告    v. f _ _ _ _ _ _
42. 元素，成分    n. e _ _ _ _ _ _    
43. 伶俐     n. w _ _ _ _ _
44. 严峻的      a. t _ _ _ _         
45. 有纪律的  a. r _ _ _ _ _ _  
46. 颠覆      v. o _ _ _ _ _ _ _      
47. 开关    n. s _ _ _ _ _
48. 取得，取得    v. a _ _ _ _ _ _    
49. 降落    v. d _ _ _ _ _ _
50. 增强      v. e _ _ _ _ _ _     
51. 有用的    a. e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
52. 程度      n. e _ _ _ _ _     
53. 扶植    v. c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
54. 拔除      v. a _ _ _ _ _ _      
55. 名目    n. p _ _ _ _ _ _
 
Ⅴ. Word Form ( 10 points, 1 point for each item)
56. The eventual aim of computer modeling is ______ (reduce) the number of animals used in experiments.
57. Until recently, many ______ (blame) Oxford for this bias because of the university’s special entrance exam.
58. Engineers are experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers, ______ (give) robots a sense of touch.
59. All the men took guns with them in case they ______ (attack).
60. As in 1980, when Jimmy Carter lost to Ronal Reagan during tough economic times, the voters ______ (motivate) largely by the desire for change.
61. Expectation of life is a slippery figure, very easy ______ (get) wrong at the highest ages.
62. The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far ______ (disturbing) than we realize.
63. The robots used in nuclear power plants can prevent human personnel from ______ (expose) to radiation.
64. A decision ______ (make) today may have consequences far into the future.
65. The important thing is to picture these desired objectives as if you ______ (attain) them.
 
Ⅵ. Translate the following sentences into English (15 points, 3 points for each item)
66. 缩短的进程如斯剧烈，以致于组成了黑洞。
67. 已采用了新办法来赞助掩护家佣。
68. 机器人在发财国度的工场里正变得日趋遍及。
69. 咱们打仗的人都有能够或许影响咱们的立场。
70. 既然咱们领会了这个题目，咱们便能够或许尽力去降服它。
Ⅶ. Translate the following passage into Chinese (15 points)
The gap between rich and poor was great, both in income and in the nature of their clothing, equipment and pattern of life. At a time when the dollar was so big that , 000 a year was an inviting sum to offer to the head of an insurance company, there were merchants in the seaboard cities who were making hundreds of thousands a year; one Boston merchant is said to have cleared 0,000 from one voyage of one of his ships. Not only was such a man rich—with of course no income tax to pay—but his wealth was instantly apparent to anybody who saw him and his lady in the street. You could tell a distance of fifty paces that their clothes were quite different in material and cut from those of ordinary folk.
摹拟题（一）谜底及详解
Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Structure
1. 谜底：B
本题考核either…or的牢固搭配。 
2. 谜底：D
that指导同位语从句。
3. 谜底：D
本句的意义是：“即便研讨有了新的成长，只要一小局部的实验能够或许不必植物”。是以谜底为D。variety 和plenty 别离表现“多样”和“大批的”，意义不适合。amount 后只能接不可数名词，而test是可数名词。
4. 谜底：C
本句的意义是“固然荷兰是欧洲独一允许愉逸死的国度，可是愉逸死在荷兰严酷说来并不合法”，以是应当填although。　
5. 谜底：A
在这四个选项中，只要convince能够或许接动词不定式，组成 convince sb. not to do sth. 的词组，意为“压服或人做某事”。
6. 谜底：C
put up with“忍耐”，come up with“想出，得出”。 
7. 谜底：C
英语中表现“是…的两倍”用twice as much (many) as，表现“是…的两倍多”则可用more than twice。以是谜底为C 。
8. 谜底：A
本题请求填入一个干系代词指导主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语，以是选what。
9. 谜底：B
in experiential terms意为“从经历下去说”。
10. 谜底：B
本题须要填入一个表现“花时辰”而又能与动词不定式连用的动词。spend经常利用于 spend…doing sth. 的句型中。cost通俗用于it cost sb. …to do sth.的句型中，主语不能是人。pay 表现“费钱”的意义。只要take 可用于sb. take…to do sth.的句型中。
 
II. Cloze Test
11. 谜底：A
本题考核介词的利用。尽人皆知，爱因斯坦是一个庞大的迷信家，是以此处应填as，表现“作为”之意。
12. 谜底：D
本题请求填入一个毗连词，毗连两个介词词组，表现“而不是”的意义，是以谜底为rather than。其余三个词组的意义别离是: other than“不必于，除”，more than　“极为，很是；超越…的”，better than“比…好”。
13. 谜底：C
本句中Einstein… a hill为story的同位语从句，以是应填that。
14. 谜底：A
按照句意，爱因斯坦最有能够或许“坐在小山上，做着白日梦”，是以最好挑选为while，　和sitting on a hill组成连词加分词的情势，在句中做时辰状语。
15. 谜底：D
本题考核本句和前一句的逻辑干系。在前一句中，文章提到“爱因斯坦乘着光束飞到了宇宙的远处”，本句则写到“他发明本身回到了太阳系”，是以应选then，抒发两句时辰的前后挨次。
16. 谜底：B
“宇宙是圆弧形的”是一种idea“设法”，而不是story“故事”，figure“数字，人物，形状”或pattern“情势”。
17. 谜底：B
本题考核动宾搭配。analysis, number, reason只能和动词apply搭配，意为“利用阐发、计较、和推理”。其余三个动词别离意为：supply“供给”，reply“答复”，和imply“表现”。
18. 谜底：C
从本句的谓语动词encourages来判定，句子的主语应当是education，这就解除B。A选项不合语法；句首的traditional提醒咱们，教导是早已肯定了的，应此应选established。
19. 谜底：D
本题和题一样考核前后两句的逻辑干系。畴前一句咱们得悉，传统上黉舍更正视说话、计较、阐发和逻辑，也便是正视左脑的开辟。在本句中，作者指出“具有两条无缺的腿”才能腾跃，即应当同时利用大脑的摆布半球。两句之间存在较着的转机干系，以是选However。
20. 谜底：A
本句为一个反诘句，现实上是在倡议因该“加倍正视视觉思惟”。四个选项中，只要value能够或许和give…to搭配，抒发“正视”之意。其余名词的意义别离是：vision“设想力，视觉”，voice“声响”，和view“概念，视线，风景”。　
 
III. Reading Comprehension
Passage One
21. 谜底：B
本题是针对文章的第一句话发问的，现实上是考核全文的中间思惟。从文中得悉，作者展望因特网将给天下带来庞大的转变，是以谜底是B。其余选项都过于详细，不能归纳综合全文的中间思惟。 
22. 谜底：D
本题请求挑选美国公司抛却权要风格的缘由是甚么。A“是被新手艺的利用所鞭策”倒置了因果干系，由于新手艺的利用是转变权要风格的成果而不是缘由。文中不提到贩子致富是靠转变风格，以是B也不对。C “这些公司想把它们首席履行官的人为和股票市场的表现挂钩”是一项鼎新办法，不是缘由。D“与本国公司的合作很剧烈”是准确谜底。
23. 谜底：A
本题考核按照文章内容停止猜测的才能。按照第二段第一句话“美国商业界今朝决议打算的高速率是一因特网手艺为根本的”，可猜测出“因特网的利用进步了美国公司的合作力”，是以谜底是A。　
24. 谜底：C
本题请求考生回覆作者举例的方针是甚么。在第三段的第一句话，作者指出“在市场的刀刃上，有些人将流血。”接着写良多人包含本身在内经由过程因特网购买汽车，致使汽车专卖行的开张，是以C“举例申明因特网的一个负面影响”是谜底。
25. 谜底：B
本段说的是购物体例的转变，是以change最为靠近transition的寄义。
 
Passage Two
26. 谜底：D
文章的第一段明白指出，人们对黉舍应当成长智力不贰言，不合首要在于智力成长应当在多大程度上优先于其余义务。是以人们争辩的核心是D“黉舍是不是应当过于正视智力成长”。
27. 谜底：C
从题干的一词可知，本题谜底在第三段的第二句话。全句的粗心是：“有人质疑，先生们可否在接管了夸大智力成长的黉舍教导以后，不靠间接的传授，就能够主动地取得杰出的品德程度和职业手艺。”是以谜底为C。　
28. 谜底：B
本题的谜底在最初一段。作者指出：“撑持巴重点放在智力成长上的人倡议，讲授打算应当首要之外语、数学、汗青、文学和硬迷信，即能够或许挑衅智力的学科为中间。攻讦者们以为，这些科目现实上针对的是多数大学里的常识精英…把重点放在某一个只要多数人受害的方向上是不适合的。”由此可知，过度夸大外语、数学、汗青等科方针讲授打算只能使多数人受害。
29. 谜底：A
文中最少提到三个教导方针：成长智力、培育国民认识和传授任务手艺。以是谜底是“黉舍应同时实现多个方针”是准确的。
30. 谜底：D
本题考核作者的立场，作者不论述小我的定见，只是在客观地先容不同的概念，以是选“客观的”。
 
Passage Three
31. 谜底：C
本题考核对一个比喻的懂得。Lofland把女人比作背景的家具，意在申明在都会研讨中妇女一向被轻忽，是以谜底为C。　
32. 谜底：D
本题考核哪个不是致使妇女研讨缺少的缘由，是以谜底在第二段。A“良多男性研讨者不机遇察看女性”，B“妇女的糊口首要范围在家庭中”和C“妇女很少参与大众糊口”在文章中均有说起。只要D“妇女从不犯任何值得研讨的罪过”说的过于相对，是毛病的。
33. 谜底：A
从第三段的第一句话可看出，well-to-do的都会和郊区妇女与多数民族和工人阶层的妇女糊口体例有很大的不同。由此可推导出，well-to-do的寄义应当和多数民族和工人阶层妇女的“贫困”相反，故其寄义极有能够或许是“敷裕的”。其余三个选项的意义别离是：“无能的”，“伶俐的”、“好意的”。
34. 谜底：A
本题同题一样考核作者举例的方针，谜底在本段的第一句话。该句话的意义是，虽然某些典范的社会学著述已研讨过多数民族和工人阶层妇女的糊口体例，可是对都会和郊区敷裕妇女的糊口还缺少研讨。这便是作者上面举例要申明的概念。
35. 谜底：A
本题考核全文的中间思惟——对都会和郊区妇女研讨的严峻缺少。是以谜底为 A。
 
IV. Word Spelling
36. sheet     37. prospect    38. official    39. lovely    40. import
41. forecast    42. element    43. wisdom    44. tense    45. regular
46. overturn    47. switch    48. acquire    49. decline    50. enhance
51. efficient    52. extent    53. construct    54. abolish    55. project
 
V. Word Form
56. to reduce    动词不定式做表语，表现“未来”之意。
57. blamed    until recently通俗和曩昔时连用，意为“直到比来”。
58. giving    此刻分词在句中做成果状语。
59. (should) be attacked  毗连的前提状语从句用should＋动词真相的假造语气情势，由于人们惧怕“被攻击”，以是还要用主动语态。
60. were motivated  本句有详细的表现曩昔的时辰状语in 1980，以是用曩昔时的主动。
61. to get    所填动词和描述词easy连用，在句中作figure的定语。
62. more disturbing  从前面的than可知，这是一个含比拟级的句子。
63. being exposed  介词from前面接动名词，同时应当用主动情势。
64. made      曩昔分词作定语。
65. had attained    as if指导的从句属于第二大类的假造语气，由于要抒发“已”的意义，以是由本来的此刻实现时变成曩昔实现时。
 
VI. Translate the following sentences into English
66. The process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results.
67. New measures were introduced to help domestic workers.
68. Robots are becoming increasingly prevalent in factories throughout the developed world.
69. The people with whom we come into contact are all likely to influence our attitudes.
70. Now that we understand the problem, we can go some way to overcoming it.
 
Ⅶ. Translate the following passage into Chinese
贫民和穷人的差异很大，在支出上和他们的穿着、器具和糊口体例的性子上都是如斯。在美圆曾很是值钱的时辰，年薪五千美圆兑保险公司的总裁来讲都是一笔诱人的数量，而这时候某些海滨都会的贩子们一年挣几十万；听说波士顿有一个贩子，从他的船队一次飞行中就剥削了十万美圆。这类人不光有钱——固然不必交所得税——并且任何人在大巷上瞥见他和他的夫人就会一眼看出他很有钱。隔着五十步你就能够看出，他们的服装网www.vhao.net从质地到裁剪都和通俗人的非常不一样。